每周分子 | Molecule of the Week
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每周分子：异丁烯
Molecule of the Week: Isobutylene
异丁烯，正式名称为2-甲基丙烯，是一种最初在炼油厂中获得的烃类气体。在1947年的美国专利US2424186中，美国新泽西标准石油公司(现为埃克森公司)的John W. Packie和Walter H. Rupp披露了用硫酸从烃类混合物中提取异丁烯的方法。发明人在1950年的专利US2509885中改进了该工艺，从提取到的异丁烯中除去1-丁烯。
研究者们随后发现，通过叔丁醇(t-BuOH)脱水制备的异丁烯具有足够的纯度用于聚合物合成或化学合成。例如，来自Cities Service (Tulsa, OK)的Ralph Levine和Jerome R. Olechowski使用对甲苯磺酸催化剂，对二甲苯溶液中的叔丁醇进行脱水(US4165343, 1979)。
异丁烯可用于制造重要的化学品，如异辛烷和甲基丙烯醛；但其最大用途是生产聚异丁烯或丁基橡胶。通常该聚合物简称为"丁基"，它的强度、弹性和防渗性使其适用于各类产品，如体育用品、橡胶密封剂、音响扬声器、防毒面具，甚至口香糖。
异丁烯信息速览
异丁烯危害信息
【关于每周分子】
自2001年以来，“每周分子”已成为广受欢迎的栏目。多数分子由读者推荐。每个结构都经由科学家审查，并以3-D和平面图像的形式显示，同时附有该分子简介。可以通过美国化学文摘社 (CAS) 提供的CAS SciFindern中的CAS REGISTRY获取“每周分子”的更多信息。CAS REGISTRY中的每条物质信息都展示了物质的CAS登记号、索引名、通用名、商品名、书目信息等其他更多信息。发送邮件至motw@acs.org推荐您感兴趣的分子吧。
Isobutylene, formally 2-methylpropene, is a hydrocarbon gas originally obtained from oil refinery streams. In US patent 2,424,186 (1947), John W. Packie and Walter H. Rupp at Standard Oil of New Jersey (now Exxon) described the extraction of isobutylene from hydrocarbon mixtures with sulfuric acid. The inventors improved the process in US 2,509,885 (1950) to exclude 1-butene from the extracted isobutylene.
Researchers later discovered that isobutylene with sufficient purity for polymer or chemical synthesis could be prepared by dehydrating tert-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH). In one example, Ralph Levine and Jerome R. Olechowski at Cities Service (Tulsa, OK) dehydrated t-BuOH using a p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst in xylene solution (US 4,165,343, 1979).
Isobutylene is used to make important chemicals such as isooctane and methacrolein; but its largest use is in the production of polyisobutylene, or butyl rubber. Often referred to simply as “butyl”, the polymer’s strength, elasticity, and impermeability make it suitable for use in a wide variety of products, including sporting goods, rubber sealants, audio speakers, gas masks, and even chewing gum.
Isobutylenefast facts
Isobutylenehazard information
About Molecule of the Week
MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using CAS SciFindern. Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more. Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org.
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